Horizontal+Circulation

It determines the basic shape and character of the entire structure.
 * What does the design of horizontal circulation determine?**

1. It should be adequate sizes. 2. The circulation should work well in either direction. 3. Points of converging traffic most be expressed. 4. Changes in level most be clearly express.
 * What are the four practical requirements of any horizontal circulation system mentioned in the lecture? **

Pennsylvania station in New York, Central Tsentrosoyuz Building in Moscow, Palais de Justice in Paris.
 * What are the three examples (names of buildings) mentioned by Prof. Watanabe to illustrate different horizontal circulation patterns? **

Circulation has both esthetic and a functional value, and it is very important in architectural design, because it determines the comfort and how the person in the building will walk through it. It can also give pattern, unity and clarity to a building as a whole. Then circulation is very important when designing, because circulation will determine the way the building will be lived and how it’s going to be experienced.
 * Why is the concept of Horizontal Circulation important in any architectural design? **

Pennsylvania station in New York.



Central Tsentrosoyuz Building in Moscow.



Palais de Justice in Paris.